Computer's Biography

First Computer device:
Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, introduced the concept of programmable computers. Considered the "father of computers", he conceived and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine designed to aid in navigational calculations, he realized that many more simple designs, an analytical engine, were possible.The input of programs and data should have been delivered to the machine via punch cards, a method used to direct mechanical looms, such as jacquard looms. For the output, the machine will have a printer, a curved platter and a bell. The device will also be able to punch numbers on cards for later reading.The engine combines control flow and integrated memory in the form of a mathematical reasoning unit, conditional branches and loops, creating the first design for a general-purpose computer that can be described as touring-complete in modern terms.

The instrument was around a century before his time. All the parts of his machine had to be made by hand - this was a big problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project collapsed with the British government's decision to cut funding. The failure to complete the analytical engine can be attributed mainly to the political and financial difficulties as well as the interest in its development.Increasingly sophisticated computers and moving faster than anyone can follow. Nevertheless, his son Henry Babbage completed a simple version of the computing unit (call) of the analytical engine in 18. He successfully demonstrated its use in computing tables in 1906.
Analog device:
In the first half of the twentieth century, many scientific computing requirements were met by increasingly sophisticated analog computers, which used direct mechanical or electrical models of problems as the basis for calculations. However, these were not programmable and modern digital computers generally lacked versatility and precision.The first modern analog computer was a tidal-prediction machine, invented by Sir William Thomson in 18722. Differential analyzer, mechanical analog computer, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using the wheel-and-disk method, was converted in 1876 by James Thomson, the more famous Lord Kelvin brother.

Digital Computers:
By 1938, the U.S. Navy had built an electromechanical analog computer small enough to be used on top of a submarine. It was a torpedo data computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of throwing torpedoes at moving targets. Similar devices were made in other countries during World War II.Early digital computers were electronics; Electronic switches drive mechanical relays to perform calculations. These devices had low operating speeds and were eventually powered very quickly by all-electronic computers using vacuum tubes. The Z2, built in 1939 by German engineer Conrad Juice, is one of the earliest examples of electromechanical relay computers.

Modern Computers:
The principles of modern computers were proposed by Alan Turing in his 1966 paper, [40] Computer Numbers. Turing proposed a common device which he called the "Universal Computing Machine" and it is now known as the universal Turing machine. He proved that this type of machine is capable of calculating anything by executing the instructions (programs) stored on the tape and making the machine programmable.The basic concept of Turing's design is the stored program, where all the instructions of computing are stored in memory. Von Neumann admits that the central idea of ​​the modern computer came about because of this paper.Turing machines are still a central object in the study of computational theory. Except for the limitations imposed by their finite memory stores, modern computers are called touring-complete, which means that their ability to implement algorithms is equivalent to that of universal touring machines.

Mobile Computers:
The first mobile computers were heavy and powered by mains power. The 50lb was the initial example of the IBM 5100. Later portables like Osborne 1 and Compaq Portable are light enough but still need to be plugged in. The first laptops, such as the Grid Compass, removed this requirement by attaching batteries - and with the continuous minimization of computing resources and the advancement of portable battery life, portable computers gained popularity in the 2000s.The same development allowed manufacturers to integrate computer resources into cellular mobile phones in the early 2000s.

These smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have recently become the dominant computing devices on the market [powered by System on a Chip (SC)), which is a complete computer in a coin-sized microchip.